Authors

Abstract

During silage harvesting, silage corn stalk is compressed by a feeding device and fed into the shearing device to be sheared into qualified segments to make silage fermentation easier. To optimize the working quality of the existing silage harvester and reduce energy consumption, it’s necessary to make a comprehensive analysis of the longitudinal compressing and shearing properties of the silage corn stalks and get a reliable shearing model. According to the different structural properties of the silage corn stalks, the main factors affecting the shearing energy consumption and their levels were obtained by compressing and shearing tests on internodes and nodes in this paper. The results of three-level and three-factor experiments showed that the overall shearing energy consumption for nodes was much higher than that for internodes. Compressing the silage corn stalk to some extent before shearing at the loading direction of 0° and lower shearing speed was beneficial to saving energy during the process of shearing off the silage corn stalk. The reduced energy requirements of the silage corn stalk could be exploited advantageously to present new reference for the feeding and cutting mechanisms of silage harvester. The research results can provide a reference for silage corn harvesting.

Abstract in Chinese

为便于青贮饲料发酵，收获时青贮玉米秸秆需经喂入装置压缩后被切碎装置剪切成合格的秸秆段。为了优化现有青贮收获机的工作质量，降低能耗，有必要对青贮玉米秸秆的纵向压缩剪切性能进行综合分析，得到可靠的剪切模型。本文根据青贮玉米秸秆的不同结构特性，分别对节间和节间压缩剪切试验，得出了影响剪切能量消耗的主要因素及其水平。最后采用Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计方法，建立剪切能耗的数学模型，通过回归统计方差、响应曲面和等高线分析各因素对剪切能耗的影响规律。试验结果表明：秸秆节部的剪切能耗远大于节间的剪切能耗。加载方向、加载速率和剪切速率对剪切能耗的影响均呈减小的趋势。最佳工作参数如下:加载速率为36.08%时,加载方向为25.4°,剪切速度是73.39mm/min时,节间的剪切能量为3.82 J，而节部的剪切能量为7.55 J。以0°方向对青贮玉米秸秆进行压缩并以较低的剪切速率进行剪切有利于降低青贮玉米收获的能耗和收获成本，提高青贮饲料收获的效率。研究结果可为青贮收获机的喂入和切碎装置优化提供新的参考。